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The Institute of Physics (IOP) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ((ウクライナ語:Інститут фізики Національної академії наук України)) founded in 1926 is the oldest research institution of physical science within the Academy. Being on the path of both infrastructure development and research diversification for more than 80 years, the Institute has eventually originated five more specialized research institutions. Currently, the Institute employs more than 300 researchers (together with two Full Members and eight Corresponding Members of the NASU) and around 200 peoples of supporting personnel. It has more than 20 scientific units (including the state-of-the-art Femtosecond Laser Complex) which are grouped around four research programs Traditionally, the Institute is focused on fundamental research. At the same time, applied research on cryogenics, LC displays, laser systems, pyroelectric detectors, biophysics and plasma technologies strengthen the Institute's activities. The IOP is consistently ranked at the top of national academic institutions ranking. Besides, international reputation of IOP is growing constantly as prominent scientists from the Institute expand their activity to leading foreign research centers and universities. ==History== The origin of the Institute of Physics is dated back to 1921, when the Kiev Regional Department of Education established the Physical Research Laboratory. The following year, it was transformed into the Kiev Scientific-Research Department of Physics at Kiev Polytechnic Institute. The separate entity was established in 1929, when the Department was transformed into the Scientific-Research Institute of Physics Narkomosvity USSR. It was eventually renamed as the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 2009, the Institute celebrated its 80th anniversary. Academician O.G. Goldman was the founder and the first director of the Institute, which has 20 employees in 1929, including 6 scientists and 10 graduate students. In the first years of existence, the Institute was mainly focused on the training of young scientists and finding its own areas of specialization. Many people who successfully defended their phd theses in that time then became famous scientists. Among them: academicians V.Ye. Lashkaryov, S.I. Pekar and V.P. Linnik, associate members of the Academy of Sciences N.D. Morgulis and P.G. Borzyak, doctors of science M.D. Gabovich, O.G. Miselyuk and others. In 1938, the Institute has 3 major research specializations: Semiconductor physics (heads O.G. Goldman, V.Ye. Lashkaryov since 1939); Physics of electronic and electrovacuum processes (head N.D. Morgulis); X-ray physics of metals (head S.D. Gertsriken) Before the Soviet Union was attacked by Germany in 1941, the Institute employed 122 persons, including 36 scientists and 7 graduate students. The Institute has also experimental workshops with qualified staff and state-of-the-art equipment. “Ukrainian physical notes”, a journal, was published between 1929 and 1936. During World War II, the Institute was relocated in Ufa. Academician O.I. Leipunskyi (he was the director between 1943 and 1949) and professor G.D. Latyshev from Ukrainian Physical-Technical Institute entered its management team. The focus of the research is directed towards military applications. After the war, the Institute was quickly restored. In 1953, new buildings for laboratories, production and housing were brought into service on Nauky avenue near the Golosiyivskyi forest. Some new areas of research activity were developed. Among them: nuclear physics (heads: O.I. Leipunskyi and then M.V. Pasichnik), physics of crystals (academician A.F. Prikhot’ko), theoretical physics (academician O.S. Davydov and S.I. Pekar). Electrostatic generator, cyclotron laboratory, and nuclear reactor were put into operation in 1947, 1956, and 1960, correspondingly. Some specialized research institutes originate from the Institute of Physics. In 1945, on the basis of Diffusion Process Department the Laboratory of Metal Physics was organized, which become the Institute of Metallophysics in 1955. On the basis of the Semiconductor Department, the Institute of Semiconductors was established in 1960. Then, the Institute for Theoretical Physics was established in 1966 from the Department of Elementary Particles. In 1970, some departments were transformed into the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. And the Institute of Applied Optics was created on the basis of Optical Quantum Electronics Department. As a result of such organizational transformations, many famous scientists moved to the new Institutions of the Academy of Sciences. But the Institute of Physics also developed significantly and did not lose its leadership. In the 1960s, new areas such quantum electronics, holography, nonlinear optics, pyroelectronics were developed. The Institute made significant contribution to some fields in physics, such as nuclear physics, semiconductor physics, solid state physics, liquid crystals, quantum electronics, plasma physics, and others. Its scientists received certificates for 5 discoveries – more than any other institution in Ukraine. Moreover, scientists of the Institute were awarded the Lenin Prize, 4 State Prizes of the USSR, and 18 State Prizes of Ukraine in physics. In 1979, the Institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for its large-scale success in the development of physical science and training the highly qualified personnel. Due to the unique architecture of the main building of the Institute and painting on its dome made by honoured Ukrainian artist M.A. Storozhenko, the main building of the Institute was recognized to have a significant historical value and listed among other monuments of architecture, history, and art. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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